Operational satellites The complete Galileo constellation will comprise satellites spread evenly around three orbital planes inclined at an angle of 56 degrees to the equator. Each satellite will take about 14 hours to orbit the Earth. One satellite in each plane will be a spare, on stand-by should any operational satellite fail. From most locations, six to eight satellites will always be
Similarly, Galileo is speeding up the construction of FOC (Full Operational Capability) satellites. As of July 2018, there are 18 satellites in orbit, including four IOV (In Orbit Validation) satellites, and 14 FOC satellites. It is expected that Galileo will be fully operational by 2020 having 30 satellites in orbit (Angrisano et al. 2013). Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are satellite-based systems that provide positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) information anywhere on Earth. GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou, and Galileo are examples of GNSS. Each system operates using a network of satellites that transmit signals to receivers on the ground.
Galileo: en route to full operational capability. Date : Fri, Nov 26, 2021 | 07:30 - 09:00 GMT | 08:30 - 10:00 CET. Replay : Fri, Nov 26, 2021 | 16:00 - 17:30 GMT | 17:00 - 18:30 CET. Type: ESA TV Exchange. Soon another pair of Galileo satellites will be launched on top of a Soyuz from Europe spaceport in French Guyana.
In the second step (2006-2011), the system would be brought to fully operational status with 24 satellites, and another, smaller and more accurate satellite design, GLONASS-K would be introduced. This would make GLONASS compatible with GPS, GALILEO and Compass receivers, which also use the CDMA method.
Galileo is a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) that went live in 2016, created by the European Union through the European Space Agency (ESA), operated by the European Union Agency for the Space Programme (EUSPA), headquartered in Prague, Czechia, with two ground operations centres in Fucino, Italy, and Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany.
Currently, two from four GNSS systems are fully operational: the American GPS and the Russian GLONASS. The other two systems, i.e. the European Galileo and the Chinese BDS, have been significantly developed in recent years. Both Galileo and BDS plan to achieve FOC in 2020 [10], [70].
As of October 2021, the GPS, GLONASS, and Beidou constellations are fully operational. The Galileo constellation is expected to reach a full operational capability (FOC) stage soon. A brief status summary of four GNSS constellations is given in Table 1.
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    • is galileo gps fully operational